Defensive Architecture
Helping property owners and community members discourage unwanted use of space without compromising compassion. We highlight practical, humane tools that guide behavior and help preserve the intended use of public and private spaces. Because protecting property doesn’t have to come at the cost of dignity.
What is Hostile Architecture?
Hostile architecture refers to design features intentionally created to deter specific behaviors in public or semi-public spaces. Often targeting unhoused individuals, youth, or loiterers, this can include elements like anti-sleeping spikes, sloped benches, barricades under overpasses, or excessive lighting. While such measures may aim to maintain order or safety, they are frequently criticized for being punitive, exclusionary, and lacking in empathy toward vulnerable populations.
For example, the planter on the left is aesthetically pleasing but also a subtle example of hostile architecture. The protruding spikes could harm someone who stumbled into them or even just inadvertently ran their hand into them. The fencing on the right of the photo however, while unattractive does protect the space in a non-hostile manner.
What is Defensive Architecture?
Defensive architecture takes a more thoughtful, humane approach to managing the use of space. It supports property owners and communities in guiding behavior without resorting to measures that intimidate or endanger. Instead, it emphasizes proportionate, non-aggressive solutions that help maintain the intended use of a space while respecting the dignity of those who pass through or interact with it. Defensive architecture affirms that it’s possible to prioritize safety without abandoning compassion.
Click here to learn more about our step-by-step approach to humanely managing your space.
Adam Schiff
U.S. Senator from California
“I think a city has the right to make sure that people can walk down their sidewalk, that businesses can make sure customers can enter their buildings without stepping over people, and we protect against debris that can pose a health and fire risk.” – to Notus.org
Gavin Newsom
Governor of California
“It is time to take back the streets. It’s time to take back the sidewalks. It’s time to take these encampments and provide alternatives” – 12 May 2025 Press Release
Ron Desantis
Governor of Florida
“Can I just take my kids and walk down the street to see shops, you should be able to do that every place without having to worry about homeless or being accosted by somebody” – Miami Beach Press Conference in 2024